NEURO-OPTHALMOLOGY

Neuro-ophthalmology deals with neurological and visual disorders that affect the eye, optic nerve, and brain.

Lesion in the optic nerve known as optic neuritis causes acute onset of monocular eye pain, vision loss, impaired colour perception and diminished contrast sensitivity. Patients may experience recurring photopsias. Optic neuritis occurs due to inflammatory demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis, NMO, MOG, ischemic optic neuropathy, autoimmune disorders like SLE, sarcoidosis, sjogrens, infections like viral, bacterial and fungal. Compression of the optic chiasm in pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas disturbing the medial portions of each optic nerve causes visual. Transient monocular blindness also known as Amaurosis fugax is generally due to interruption of blood flow (ischemia) to the optic pathway.Ischemia in the visual cortex or optic nerve occurs due to

• Retinal embolism
• TIA (transient ischemic attack)
• Cerebrovascular accident
• Traumatic brain injury (eg, falls, motor vehicle collisions, etc.)
• Dissection of the internal carotid artery
• Giant cell arteritis
• Emboligenic heart disease
• Coagulopathies
• Retinal migraine
• Carotid artery stenosis